Rsync home: differenze tra le versioni
(→Locale) |
(→Copiare tutto o solo cio che ci server) |
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Riga 49: | Riga 49: | ||
possiamo dargli un path di directory da escludere. | possiamo dargli un path di directory da escludere. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Esempio di file exclude === | ||
+ | |||
+ | # rsync-homedir-excludes | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # A list of files to exclude when backing up *nix home directories using rsync. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # Author: Ruben Barkow <https://github.com/rubo77/rsync-homedir-excludes> | ||
+ | # Version: 2015-08-30 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | # directories, probably not worth a backup: | ||
+ | #Downloads | ||
+ | #games | ||
+ | #VirtualBox* | ||
+ | #.vagrant | ||
+ | #.vagrant.d | ||
+ | #.android | ||
+ | #.AndroidStudioBeta | ||
+ | #.gradle | ||
+ | #.gvm | ||
+ | #.grails/ | ||
+ | #.grails_history | ||
+ | #.local/share/notbit/ | ||
+ | #.wine | ||
+ | |||
+ | # games | ||
+ | #.minecraft | ||
+ | #.PlayOnLinux | ||
+ | #.local/share/Steam/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | #These directories may be excluded: | ||
+ | |||
+ | # contains mounted file systems | ||
+ | .gvfs | ||
+ | .local/share/gvfs-metadata | ||
+ | # contains the actual encrypted home directory | ||
+ | .Private | ||
+ | # session-specific | ||
+ | .dbus | ||
+ | .cache | ||
+ | .Trash | ||
+ | .local/share/Trash | ||
+ | # cached info about audio CDs | ||
+ | .cddb | ||
+ | # cached packages lists | ||
+ | .aptitude | ||
+ | |||
+ | #Flash-specific: | ||
+ | |||
+ | # Cache for flash, maybe others? | ||
+ | .adobe | ||
+ | # except for Flash persistence, there is no reason to keep this | ||
+ | .macromedia | ||
+ | |||
+ | #Files: | ||
+ | |||
+ | # contains errors from the current graphical session | ||
+ | .xsession-errors | ||
+ | # recently used files | ||
+ | .recently-used | ||
+ | .recently-used.xbel | ||
+ | .thumbnails | ||
+ | # session-specific | ||
+ | .Xauthority | ||
+ | .ICEauthority | ||
+ | .gksu.lock | ||
+ | .pulse # directory | ||
+ | .pulse-cookie | ||
+ | .esd_auth | ||
+ | |||
+ | #KDE specific: | ||
+ | |||
+ | # Recent documents on KDE | ||
+ | .kde/share/apps/RecentDocuments | ||
+ | # Contains a history of the Klipper clipboard (KDE) | ||
+ | .kde/share/apps/klipper | ||
+ | # you will loose saved scrolling positions of PDFs | ||
+ | .kde/share/apps/okular/docdata | ||
+ | .kde/share/apps/gwenview/recentfolders | ||
+ | # cached other users' profile pics | ||
+ | .kde/share/apps/kmess/displaypics | ||
+ | # cached emoticons of others | ||
+ | .kde/share/apps/kmess/customemoticons | ||
+ | |||
+ | #Firefox-specific (see also Profile folder): | ||
+ | |||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/Cache | ||
+ | # in case Fx crashes dumps will be stored in this | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/minidumps | ||
+ | # session-specific | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/.parentlock | ||
+ | # phishing database, recreated | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/urlclassifier3.sqlite | ||
+ | # blacklisted extensions | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/blocklist.xml | ||
+ | # extension database, recreated on startup | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite-journal | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.rdf | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.ini | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.cache | ||
+ | # cached UI data, recreated | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/XUL.mfasl | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/XPC.mfasl | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/xpti.dat | ||
+ | .mozilla/firefox/*/compreg.dat | ||
+ | |||
+ | #Opera-specific (related question on Superuser.com: Is documentation available on files and directories in the Opera profile folder?): | ||
+ | |||
+ | .opera/temporary_downloads | ||
+ | .opera/cache | ||
+ | .opera/thumbnails | ||
+ | .opera/opcache | ||
+ | .opera/icons | ||
+ | .opera/application_cache | ||
+ | .opera/widgets/*/cache | ||
+ | .opera/lock | ||
+ | |||
+ | #Komodo Edit: | ||
+ | |||
+ | .komodoedit/*/codeintel/db | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/host-*/*/codeintel | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/Cache | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/Crash Reports | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/Cache | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/minidump | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/.parentlock | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.rdf | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.ini | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.cache | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/XPC.mfasl | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/XUL.mfasl | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/xpti.dat | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/pluginreg.dat | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/compreg.dat | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/XRE/*.sqlite-journal | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/pystdout.log | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/pystderr.log | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/history.sqlite.bak | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/running.lock | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/mutex.lock | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/*.xmlc | ||
+ | .komodoedit/*/startup-env.tmp | ||
+ | .komoeoedit/*/commandments.fifo | ||
+ | .komoeoedit/*/history.sqlite | ||
+ | |||
+ | #GnuPG: | ||
+ | |||
+ | .gnupg/rnd | ||
+ | .gnupg/random_seed | ||
+ | .gnupg/.#* | ||
+ | .gnupg/*.lock | ||
+ | .gnupg/gpg-agent-info-* | ||
+ | |||
+ | #Google Chrome: | ||
+ | |||
+ | .config/google-chrome/Default/Local Storage | ||
+ | .config/google-chrome/Default/Session Storage | ||
+ | .config/google-chrome/Default/Application Cache | ||
+ | .config/google-chrome/Default/History Index * | ||
+ | |||
+ | #Chromium: | ||
+ | |||
+ | .config/chromium/Default/Local Storage | ||
+ | .config/chromium/Default/Session Storage | ||
+ | .config/chromium/Default/Application Cache | ||
+ | .config/chromium/Default/History Index * | ||
+ | |||
+ | # Local repositories (added by errantlinguist on 2015-04-13): | ||
+ | .gradle/caches | ||
+ | .m2/repository | ||
+ | |||
+ | #indexer | ||
+ | .local/share/baloo | ||
+ | .local/share/zeitgeist | ||
+ | .local/share/akonadi | ||
+ | |||
+ | #Other apps: | ||
+ | |||
+ | # Pidgin | ||
+ | .pulse/icons | ||
+ | # Cached applets | ||
+ | .guayadeque/cache.db | ||
+ | .java/deployment/cache | ||
+ | .icedteaplugin | ||
+ | .icedtea | ||
+ | .gnome2/epiphany/favicon_cache | ||
=Fonti= | =Fonti= | ||
[http://askubuntu.com/questions/545655/backup-your-home-directory-with-rsync-and-skip-useless-folders link 1] | [http://askubuntu.com/questions/545655/backup-your-home-directory-with-rsync-and-skip-useless-folders link 1] |
Versione delle 21:43, 21 set 2015
Indice
Abstract
Prima di qualunque attività importante, un MUST è salvare i dati. Io ho usato questa tecnica per il cambio di hard disk del mio portatile, ma il motivo per farlo sono molti e un "backup" non ha bisogno di buoni motivi per essere fatto :-)
Strumenti
Esistono molti tool per fare salvataggio. Per questo esercizio ho usato rsync che per mette di "mantenere" aggiornata una copia di backup. rsync infatti sincronizza 2 cartelle (la sorgente con la destinazione) attraverso una fase di controllo e di copia.
Locale
Se avete un disco esterno, una chiavetta usb o qualunque altra device locale, potete usarla come destinazione del salvataggio
un semplice
df -H
mostrerà le periferiche e come il sistema le vede (mount) ipotizziamo che la periferica sia montata come
/media/$USER/linuxbackup/
($USER andrà sostituito con l'utente owner)
bene l'obbiettivo sarà salvare il contenuto di
/home/$USER
in una cartella (home ad esempio), nel percorso
/media/$USER/linuxbackup/home
Copiare tutto o solo cio che ci server
Al netto che copiare tutto non è un errore, vi sono cose che non ha senso copiare e addirittura altre che è preferibile non copiare.
Per fare una copia selettiva ci viene incontro la direttiva :
da man rsync:
--exclude-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE This option is related to the --exclude option, but it specifies a FILE that contains exclude patterns (one per line). Blank lines in the file and lines starting with ’;’ or ’#’ are ignored. If FILE is -, the list will be read from standard input.
possiamo dargli un path di directory da escludere.
Esempio di file exclude
- rsync-homedir-excludes
- A list of files to exclude when backing up *nix home directories using rsync.
- Author: Ruben Barkow <https://github.com/rubo77/rsync-homedir-excludes>
- Version: 2015-08-30
- directories, probably not worth a backup:
- Downloads
- games
- VirtualBox*
- .vagrant
- .vagrant.d
- .android
- .AndroidStudioBeta
- .gradle
- .gvm
- .grails/
- .grails_history
- .local/share/notbit/
- .wine
- games
- .minecraft
- .PlayOnLinux
- .local/share/Steam/
- These directories may be excluded:
- contains mounted file systems
.gvfs .local/share/gvfs-metadata
- contains the actual encrypted home directory
.Private
- session-specific
.dbus .cache .Trash .local/share/Trash
- cached info about audio CDs
.cddb
- cached packages lists
.aptitude
- Flash-specific:
- Cache for flash, maybe others?
.adobe
- except for Flash persistence, there is no reason to keep this
.macromedia
- Files:
- contains errors from the current graphical session
.xsession-errors
- recently used files
.recently-used .recently-used.xbel .thumbnails
- session-specific
.Xauthority .ICEauthority .gksu.lock .pulse # directory .pulse-cookie .esd_auth
- KDE specific:
- Recent documents on KDE
.kde/share/apps/RecentDocuments
- Contains a history of the Klipper clipboard (KDE)
.kde/share/apps/klipper
- you will loose saved scrolling positions of PDFs
.kde/share/apps/okular/docdata .kde/share/apps/gwenview/recentfolders
- cached other users' profile pics
.kde/share/apps/kmess/displaypics
- cached emoticons of others
.kde/share/apps/kmess/customemoticons
- Firefox-specific (see also Profile folder):
.mozilla/firefox/*/Cache
- in case Fx crashes dumps will be stored in this
.mozilla/firefox/*/minidumps
- session-specific
.mozilla/firefox/*/.parentlock
- phishing database, recreated
.mozilla/firefox/*/urlclassifier3.sqlite
- blacklisted extensions
.mozilla/firefox/*/blocklist.xml
- extension database, recreated on startup
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite-journal .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.rdf .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.ini .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.cache
- cached UI data, recreated
.mozilla/firefox/*/XUL.mfasl .mozilla/firefox/*/XPC.mfasl .mozilla/firefox/*/xpti.dat .mozilla/firefox/*/compreg.dat
- Opera-specific (related question on Superuser.com: Is documentation available on files and directories in the Opera profile folder?):
.opera/temporary_downloads .opera/cache .opera/thumbnails .opera/opcache .opera/icons .opera/application_cache .opera/widgets/*/cache .opera/lock
- Komodo Edit:
.komodoedit/*/codeintel/db .komodoedit/*/host-*/*/codeintel .komodoedit/*/XRE/Cache .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/Crash Reports .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/Cache .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/minidump .komodoedit/*/XRE/.parentlock .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.rdf .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.ini .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.cache .komodoedit/*/XRE/XPC.mfasl .komodoedit/*/XRE/XUL.mfasl .komodoedit/*/XRE/xpti.dat .komodoedit/*/XRE/pluginreg.dat .komodoedit/*/XRE/compreg.dat .komodoedit/*/XRE/*.sqlite-journal .komodoedit/*/pystdout.log .komodoedit/*/pystderr.log .komodoedit/*/history.sqlite.bak .komodoedit/*/running.lock .komodoedit/*/mutex.lock .komodoedit/*/*.xmlc .komodoedit/*/startup-env.tmp .komoeoedit/*/commandments.fifo .komoeoedit/*/history.sqlite
- GnuPG:
.gnupg/rnd .gnupg/random_seed .gnupg/.#* .gnupg/*.lock .gnupg/gpg-agent-info-*
- Google Chrome:
.config/google-chrome/Default/Local Storage .config/google-chrome/Default/Session Storage .config/google-chrome/Default/Application Cache .config/google-chrome/Default/History Index *
- Chromium:
.config/chromium/Default/Local Storage .config/chromium/Default/Session Storage .config/chromium/Default/Application Cache .config/chromium/Default/History Index *
- Local repositories (added by errantlinguist on 2015-04-13):
.gradle/caches .m2/repository
- indexer
.local/share/baloo .local/share/zeitgeist .local/share/akonadi
- Other apps:
- Pidgin
.pulse/icons
- Cached applets
.guayadeque/cache.db .java/deployment/cache .icedteaplugin .icedtea .gnome2/epiphany/favicon_cache